Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and biofouling mitigation in membrane filtration

The evolution of feed spacer role in membrane applications for desalination and water treatment: A critical review and future perspective - ScienceDirect

Time-resolved monitoring of biofouling development on a flat sheet membrane using optical coherence tomography

PDF) Pressure drop increase by biofilm accumulation in spiral wound RO and NF membrane systems: role of substrate concentration, flow velocity, substrate load and flow direction

Direct Microscopic Observation of Forward Osmosis Membrane Fouling

Engineered spacers for fouling mitigation in pressure driven membrane processes: Progress and projection - ScienceDirect

Engineered spacers for fouling mitigation in pressure driven membrane processes: Progress and projection - ScienceDirect

Engineered Membranes For Fouling Mitigation In Water Separation

Direct Microscopic Observation of Forward Osmosis Membrane Fouling

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