Effects of laser power modulation on keyhole behavior and energy absorptivity for laser welding of magnesium alloy AZ31

Dynamic images of keyhole opening and molten pool during laser lap

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Effects of laser power modulation on keyhole behavior and energy absorptivity for laser welding of magnesium alloy AZ31

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PDF) Mechanism study on the effects of power modulation on energy coupling efficiency in infrared laser welding of highly-reflective materials

SEM images of the weld microstructure neighboring the fusion line, (a)

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Fracture process of the tensile samples, (a) the samples without beam

The penetration depth, weld width, fusion area, and cross-section

Applied sinusoidal laser power signal and the two different welding

Schematic diagram of the broken up of the columnar dendrite.

Macro-profiles of the surface and cross-sectional welds, (a) without

Microstructure at the weld center, (a) without beam oscillation, (b) r